PERCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (PENS) THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS

Methods Our aim was to demonstrate whether percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) therapy has a role to play in the management of refractory headache disorders. A retrospective review of the records of 36 patients who have been treated with supraorbital or occipital PENS therapy at our centre between September 2012 and June 2016 was undertaken. Follow-up data was available for 33 patients. Of these, 26 had a primary headache diagnosis, of whom 14 had chronic migraine (CM), 9 had

Trigemino-Cervical Neuropathic Pain Relieved by Serially Repeated Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation

Simpson B.A., Nannapaneni R.  Neuromodulation 2016; E-pub ahead of print. DOI: 10.1111/ner.12536. INTRODUCTION Although the analgesic effect of direct nerve stimulation was first demonstrated (using the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve) nearly half a century ago (1), technical problems have hindered its clinical application. In recent years, interest has increased through the use of occipital nerve stimulation for occipital neuralgia and headache, particularly migraine (2,3). The